J2EE Best Practices and Patterns with WebSphere V5

J2EE is a collection of technologies specifically meant to aid development of enterprise class software applications. This course will help architects and senior developers devise a plan that other developers in the team can follow to develop robust, high performance, easy to maintain and secure applications. The material in this class covers the most critical areas of a mission critical application.

This course highlights best practices for J2EE application development with specialized suggestions for those deploying their applications on WebSphere v5.

WebSphere Training Audience

Senior programmers and architects who need to develop J2EE applications for commercial use or for which performance, scalability, and maintainability levels need to be placed above the typical level for trivial or throw-away applications. This course is further optimized for those working with WebSphere v5.

WebSphere Training Prerequisites

Students are expected to have a strong understanding of Java programming and web application programming. More than cursory knowledge of the J2EE specification (at least EJB, JMS) is recommended.

WebSphere Training Learning Objectives

After completing this course, the student should be able to:

Apply J2EE best practices to your applications
Use a pattern language for effective communication with other J2EE programmers and architects
Know what not to do as much as what to do
Find performance bottlenecks and take corrective action
Write highly-maintainable applications

WebSphere Training Course duration

5 Days

WebSphere Training Topics

What are Patterns?
Model/View/Controller and J2EE Applications
Presentation Tier Considerations: Best and Worst Practices and Patterns
Refactoring the Presentation Tier
Struts
To EJB or not to EJB?
EJB Layer Patterns
Data Transfer Patterns
Transactions and Persistence
Other Business Tier Considerations: Best and Worst Practices and Patterns
Refactoring the Business Tier
Understanding Performance Analysis
Scalability and Performance Hints for EJBs
Messaging Patterns
Security
Unit Testing

WebSphere Training Course outline

Introduction

Java Web Application Architecture
J2EE Architecture
Web Application Programming Model – MVC
Patterns
Factory Method
Singleton
Command
Modeling the Structure Aspect of Command Pattern
Modeling the Behavior Aspect of Command Pattern
Facade
Adapter
Proxy
Publish-Subscribe
Modeling the Structural Aspect of the Publish-Subscribe Pattern
Modeling the Behavioral Aspect of the Publish-Subscribe Pattern

Presentation Tier Patterns

Why use the intercepting filter pattern?
Uses for Filtering
What is a filter?
Features of filters
The Filter interface
How a filter works
In what order?
A simple logging filter
Configuring the filter
Mapping the filter
The Web Deployment Descriptor
Common filter tasks
Request and Response Wrappers
How Struts uses this design pattern?
Front Controller Pattern
Command and Controller Strategy
Advantages of command and controller strategy
How Struts uses this strategy?
View Helper Pattern
Use JavaBean as result bean helper
Use custom tag for display logic written in Java
Components of a Tag library
JSTL Overview
Use Access Beans as business delegates
How Struts uses this pattern
Problem
Solution 1 – use jsp:include
Solution 2 – use Struts templates
Transform View Pattern
The Music Collection Example – Sample XML file
The Music Collection Example – Retrieving owner details
The Music Collection Example – Retrieving the core data
The Music Collection Example – Current Output
Transformation with Java
Reading an XML
Transforming to HTML
Transforming to System.out

Presentation Tier Design Considerations

HttpSession
Why on the server?
WebSphere V5 Session Management
URL Rewriting
Do not store large Object Graphs in HttpSession
The problem
The design pattern that fixes it
A client side fix
Struts implementation
Typical validation rules
Client-side validations
Jakarta commons validation framework features
Not resetting JavaBeans between requests
Passing HttpServletRequest to business tier
Best Practice 1: Dynamic caching
Dynamic caching - continued
Best Practice 2: Disable the HTTP access logs
Best Practice 3: Tune the number of client threads

Business and Integration Tier Patterns

Business Delegate Pattern
How it works
Data Transfer Object Pattern
DTO Example (Output)
DTO Example (Input)
Role of DTO in MVC
Access Beans
Types of Access Beans
Data Class Access Bean
Data Class Programming Model
Access Bean Constructor
Generating Access Beans
Generating a Data Class
Generating an EJB Factory
Using EJB Factory and Data Class
Deleting the Access Bean
Value Object Pattern
Multiple Value Objects
Best Practice – derive EJB from the Value Object
Composite Entity Pattern
An example
Class Diagram
How the client interacts
Value Object Assembler
Value List Handler
How does it work?
Design Considerations
Service Locator
Data Access Object (DAO)
DAO Implementation Guidelines
Service Activator
MDB- Integrating JMS and EJB
Message-Driven Beans Are Different From Other EJBs
Message-Driven Beans are Stateless
Message-Driven Bean Interfaces
Example: Message Counter
Class MessageCounter
Class MessageCounter
Processing the Message
Deployment Descriptor Entry

Business and Integration Tier Best Practices

Exception Handling
Use java:comp to locate resources
Use Container Authentication
Use JDBC Connection Pooling
Prepared Statement Cache
Release JDBC Resources
Optimize database first
DB2 Tuning - MaxAppls
DB2 Tuning - MaxAgents
DB2 Tuning - Buffer Pool Tuning
DB2 Tuning - Configuring buffpage
DB2 Tuning - Evaluating the buffer pool size
DB2 Tuning - Monitoring the database buffer pool
DB2 Tuning - reorgchk
Set CMP EJB Method Access Intent Carefully
Class Loader
Class Loader Hierarchy
WebSphere Class Loaders
WebSphere Class Loaders Hierarchy
Class Loading Isolation Options
Complete Isolation
Medium Isolation
Minimal Isolation
Which option to use?
Configuring the Class Loading Policy
Configuring Application Server Policy
Configuring Applications WAR Class Loader Policy
Configuring the Options
WSAD Project Structure
Using log4j from an WebSphere application
Using Log4J
Example servlet using log4j

Other EJB Patterns

Session Façade
Session Façade Pattern
Session Façade
Miscellaneous Details
Message Façade Pattern
Message Façade
Message façade pattern shortcomings
Version Number pattern
Sequence Blocks
Stored Procedures for Autogenerated Keys
Fast Lane Pattern

Transaction Management

What is a transaction?
ACID properties
Transaction demarcation
Resource managers
Isolation levels
WebSphere - Setting Isolation Level for EJB
WebSphere - CMP EJB Access Intent
WSAD - Setting Access Intent
WSAD - Setting Data Source Isolation Level
Basics
Manage your own transactions
Change isolation level
EJB Transaction Basics
Transaction Propagation
Client Managed Transaction
Bean Managed Transaction
Container Managed Transaction
Transaction Outcome
Vetoing Transaction
Let the container manage transactions
CMT and the Session Façade
CMT and other EJBs
Transactions and Message Driven Beans
Distributed transaction
Two-phase commit
Aborting a global transaction
Optimizations
Window of doubt
JMS, EJB, XA
Using XA-enabled data source
Increase concurrency by reducing transaction isolation level
Keep transactions short
Multi-step wizard “the wrong way”
What’s wrong?
Multi-step wizard “the right way”

Performance

Overview
Visitor, hit, user
Load, throughput, response time
Response time
Effect of load on the system
Saturation and buckle points
Scaling
Performance and scalability are different!
Problem Areas
CPU utilization
Measure CPU utilization everywhere
Symptoms of underutilization
What causes underutilization?
Network capacity problem?
Synchronization problem?
Slow external resource?
Is the test pushing the system hard enough?
Does your system scale?
Symptoms of burstiness
Infrequent synchronization problem?
Test driver synchronization problem?
Slow back-end systems?
Slow garbage collection?
Timeout problems?
Erratic network traffic?
Symptoms of overutilization
The components of CPU usage
High User CPU
High System CPU
High Wait CPU
Server hanging
Thread dump in WebSphere v5
Thread dump file
Uneven cluster loading
Load balancer configured correctly?
Plan of attack
WebSphere routing mechanism
WebSphere routing policies
Overview
What is WPT?
Download and install
record
Configure your system to use record
Record a session
Output from record
Details of running a stress test
Best Practices

Messaging Tier Patterns

Java Message Service
JMS Programming: Overview
The JMS Interfaces
JMS PTP Programming: Example
JMS PTP Programming: Example
One-to-one (Local)
One-to-one (Remote)
Request-Reply
One-to-Many
Many-to-one
Many-to-one With Reply
Many to Many
Hub and Spoke
Route to different queues based on message content
Break a composite message and process separately
Combine related messages to a single message
Send Large Messages Using the Memento Pattern

Architecting Security

Security Functionality
Challenge Mechanism
Basic Challenge
Client Certificates
Form-based Authentication
Form-based Authentication WebSphere
Authentication Mechanism
SWAM Authentication Mechanism
LTPA Authentication Mechanism
User Registry
LDAP User Registry
Custom User Registry
HTTP Single Sign On (SSO
J2EE Authorization Model
WebSphere Authorization Model
EJB Delegation Policies
Delegation Scenario
Form Based Logout
Architecture Guidelines

Build and Deployment

What is Ant?
Writing a Build Script
How to run Ant?
Using ant from WSAD
Running Ant
Advanced Task
Automating Deployment
Deployment Tasks
Scripting Environment
Central Scripting Objects
Launching wsadmin
JACL
Scripting Patterns
Examples
Example Script
Common Tasks for Applications
Common Tasks for Applications
Common Configuration Tasks
Installing an Application
What can I do?
What next?

JUnit and WSAD

What is JUnit?
Who uses JUnit?
Why JUnit?
The xUnit Philosophy
A JUnit Test
Running the tests
Swing-based Test Runner
JUnit Basics
assertTrue
assertEquals
assertSame
assertNull
The failure message
The Test Class
The Test Method
The Test Suite
JUnit Design
JUnit with Ant
JUnit with WSAD
Change JUnit version in WSAD
Running Tests
WSAD Test Runner Icons
Rerun an individual test
Debug with JUnit
Testing Strategies
Specific Techniques
Testing simple Java classes
Testing with databases
Testing web applications
Test-Driven Design
Parting Thoughts

Struts Architecture and Overview

Review: MVC Model
Review: Request, Session and Application
What is Struts?
Struts Flow
Components in Struts
The Model
The View
The Controller
Struts Flow
struts-config.xml
struts-config.xml Content
The data-sources element in the struts-config.xml
The form-beans element in the struts-config.xml
The global-forwards element in the struts-config.xml
The action-mappings element in the struts-config.xml
Sample struts-config.xml
The Role of web.xml for the Application
Configuring Struts in the web.xml
web.xml Content
Steps to Configuring Struts in the web.xml
Step 1. Configuring the Action Servlet Instance in the web.xml
Action Servlet Config Example
Step 2. Configuring the Action Servlet Mapping in web.xml
Prefix Mapping Example
Extension Mapping Example
Step 3. Configuring the Struts Tag Libraries in the web.xml
Sample web.xml

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